South American viceroyalties created unique hybrid Marian iconographies due to their diverse cultures. Rubén Vargas Ugarte’s 1931 volume, Historia del culto de María en Hispanoamérica, shows how different Marian advocations blended over time.

One example is the 18th-century Cuzco painting of Our Lady of the Rosary. This Virgin combines elements from Our Lady of Mercy and Our Lady of the Rosary. She holds a rosary and lilies, wears a pilgrim's hat, and features lavish decorations, reflecting a synthesis of these devotions.

The Our Lady of the Rosary devotion originated with the Dominicans in the 15th century, while Our Lady of Mercy, introduced in the 16th century, had its own distinct history. The Cuzco painting’s style, with its rich attire and processional setup, links to the Pilgrim Virgin of Quito but is unique for incorporating the rosary. This blend of Marian images showcases how religious art adapted and evolved across different regions.